HPV causes several changes in the function of host genes, and these interactions cause deregulation of the cell cycle manifested by abnormal expression of cell cycle associated proteins, such as Ki-67. The detection of Ki-67 can play a role in screening and diagnosis of HPV infection with risk of progression towards dysplasia and carcinoma. To show this relation in prostitute women, cervical cells were collected in the PapSpin Collection Fluid. A starting volume of 1000 µl for each sample, and a 200 µl cell suspension were used to prepare each sample for thin layer liquid based cytology and then they were stained by Papanicolaou method. The cytological results were classified according to the Bethesda 2001 system. From the remaining cell suspension of 800 µl, a 400 µl sample was used for HPV-DNA detection by PCR, a 50 µl alliquot was used to make thin layer preparations for immunocytochemistry. Single antigen staining was performed with Ki-67 protein. Cells were considered immunopositive if the nuclei were stained. All cells in one high power field (x400) were counted, and the fraction of immunopositive cells on the slide was calculated. This fraction was expressed as the number of positive cells per 1000 cells to facilitate comparisons of differential cell counts. HPV types 6 and 32 in the study, and HPV types 6 and 51 in the control group were detected. The mean Ki-67 values were 2.7±1.2 and 3.6±4.1 in HPV positive and negative cases respectively. There was a positive correlation only with nuclear changes and HPV positivity (x²=28.8, p<0.001). There was not any significant correlation between HPV or Ki-67 and leukocytosis. An association with HPV and contraception, smoking, and concurrent genital infection was not found. The prevalence of HPV types in different geographical locations and races may indicate different etiologies of cervical cancer. Our results suggest that Ki-67 immunocytochemistry is not useful as a surrogate marker for HPV types of 6, 32 and 51.