Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and distribution of cervical lesions and compare characteristics such as parity and age of the women in Mardin province.

Material and Method: Pap smears were drawn from the women screened at Mardin Gynecology and Pediatric Diseases Hospital from 2008 to 2011. All cervicovaginal smears were conventional Pap smear samples evaluated according to the 2001 Bethesda system.

Results: There were 3.332 patients in total, whose smears showed no lesions in 3.125 patients. The mean age and number of parities of those patients were 37.34±11.25 and 4.78±3.28. There were 207 smears showing any lesions in cervix; ASC-US, ASC-H, LSIL, HSIL, AGC, squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma in 151 (72.94%); 16 (7.72%); 20 (9.66%); 8 (3.86%); 10 (4.83%); 1 (0.48%) and 1 (0.48%) patient, respectively. The mean age and the parities of the patients were 37.63±10.77 years and 4,74±2,92. Although there was no difference between the control and lesion groups, the parity and the age of patients who had ≥4 births in both the control and lesion groups were significantly higher than the patients with parities <4 births (p=0.000). There was no difference within the cervical lesion group comparing the ASC-US group with the total of the other lesions.

Conclusion: High parity was one of the risk factor for having a lesion in uterine cervix in this population. This study represents an initial attempt to reflect the prevalence and the distribution of cervical lesions and their relation with the parity rates in the eastern regions in Turkey.