We present a 20 year-old female patient with highly atypical epithelial changes in the uterine cervix discovered on cervical smear and biopsy specimens. She had recently been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and received alkylating agent chemotherapy. We thought that the epithelial atypia was related to chemotherapy in the light of the reports in the literature which are discussed in the present text along with a brief review of related histopathological and cytological criteria.